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████

███ █████ – ████

████ (███████) █████ ████ █ ██████ ██████ ███ ████ ████ ███ ███ ████. ██████:

${\displaystyle \overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\cdot \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

██ ███ █████ ████ ██ ███ ████ █████ ██ ████ ███, ███████ ████ ████ █████, █████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\cdot \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

█████ █████, █████ ██ ████ ████ ██ ███ (█████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ████ ███ █████) ████ ██ ████ ██ █████.

███ █████ ████

██████ █████ (█████ ██ ██ ██████ █████ ████████) █████ ████ █████:

${\displaystyle \sum _{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\cdot {\overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

█████ ███ █████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ██████

████ ████ ██ ██████ ████ █- ${\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$. ███ ████ ██████ ██ ██████, ██ ███ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ██████ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ██ ███ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ █████ ███ ${\displaystyle -\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$. ██ █████ ██ ██ ██████ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ████ ██████ ██████ ███ ██████████ ███ █ ████ ████ █, ████ ███ ██████████ ███ █ ████ ████ ██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █- ${\displaystyle -\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ █ █████ █- ${\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████. █████ ████ ████, ██████ ██ █████ ████████, ██ ██████ ████████ (██████ ███ █████ ██████) █████ ██ ██ ██ ██████ █████ █- ${\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\sum {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ███ ███ ███████ (██████), █████ ██████ ████ ███ ██ ██████ █████████ ██ ██████ (█████ ███████ ███ █████ ████████, ████ ██ █████).

███ █████

███████ ███████ ███ █████ (███ █████) ███ █████ ██ ████ ██████ ████ ████ ██████ ████ ███ ███████ █████. ██████ ████ ████ ██████ █████ ██ ████ █████ █████ ██ ████ ███████, ██ ██ ████.

██████ ████████ ██ ████ ██████ ███ ██:

███ ${\displaystyle \mathcal{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}(\dot{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})-{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\dot{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ ███████'███ ██ █████ ████████ ██████, ███ ████ ██████ ██ ██████████ █ ███

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\frac{\mathrm{\partial }\mathcal{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{\partial }\dot{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}}$

██ ██ ████ ███, █████ ████ ████ ██ ██████████████ ██ █████ ███ █████ ████, ████ ██ ██████ ██ ██████ █████ ████████.

█████ ██████

█████ ██████ ████ ████ ██ ██████ ███████, ███ ████ ███████, ██ ████ ███████ ███ ████████ ███ ███ ██████:

${\displaystyle \overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$

████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ███ ███ ██████, █-${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ████ █████.

████ ████████ ██████ ███ █-█████, █████ ██████ █████. ████ ███ ████, █-███ ███

${\displaystyle \overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}$

████ █ ███ ██████ ████. ████ ███████ ████ ████ ██████ ██ ████, ████ █████:

${\displaystyle ||\overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}|{|}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{)}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}-{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{)}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}.}$

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███ █████ – ███████ ████

███████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██████, █████ █████ ██ █████ ███████ █████████ ██ ██████ ████. █████ █████ (█████ ${\displaystyle \overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$) ███████ ████ ████ ██:

${\displaystyle \overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\overrightarrow{\mathrm{\nabla }}}$

████ ███ ███████ ██████ ████ █████ ████ ████ (██████████). █████ ██████ ███████ █████ ██ █████, ███ ████ ██████ ██ ████ █████████ █████, ████ ██ ███████ █████ ${\displaystyle \overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$, ███ █████ █████ █████ ████ █████ █████ █████ ████: ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ ████ ████ █- ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$, ██████ ██████ ██████ ██████ █████ ██ ██████ ██ ████████ ███████, ██████ ████ ██ ██ ████████.

█████ ██ ███████ ████ ██████ ██ █████████ ██████ ██ █████ █████ ███ █████ █████ █████ ████ ███ ██ ████. ██ ███ ████ ████ ██ █████ ██████ ██ ████ ████ ███ ███ ██ ██████, █████. ███ ██, ███████████ ██ █████ ████ ████ ███ █████ ████████████ ███████ ██ ████████ ██████.

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█████ █████ ████████ ████ ████ ██ ████████ █████ ██████ ██████ ████████. ███ ███████ ████ █-█████, ███ ████ █████ ██████ ███████ ██████. ██ ████████ ██████ █████ █████ ████ ███ ████, ████ ██████ █████████, ████ ██████ ██ ██ ██████ ████████ ████ ██████. ███ ██████ ████ ████ █████ ███████ ██████ ██ ██ ██████ ██ ██████.