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█████ ████████ ███████████, ██████ (███████: ████████ █████, ███ ████ ██ ████, ██████: █ ██ █, ██████) ██ █████ ████ ███ █████ ██████ ████ ████ ██████ ████, ██████ ██-██ ██████████ █████ ██████ ██████. ███ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ███████, ██████ ███ ████ ████ █████ ██████ ███████ ██ █████ ██████ ██████ ████ ███████.

██████ ██ █████ ████ ███████ ████████, ███████ ███████ ███████ ███ ██████ ███ ████ ██████.

██████ ██████ ███████ █████, ██████ ██ ███ █████ ████ █████ ██████ █████ █████ ██████, ██████ ███ █████ ██████ ██ ██ ██████ ████████, ████ ███ ██████ ████████ ███. █████ ███ ███████ ███████, ██████ █████ █████ ██████ ██ ████ ██████ █████, ██████ █████ ███████ ██ ████ █████ ██████. █████ ███, ████ ███ ████ █████ ██ █████ ██████ ██, ██████ ███ ████████, ███ ███ – ███ ██ █████ ██ ██ ██████ █████ ███████ ██ ███ ████████ ███ ███████, ███ ████ ██ ████ ████████. █████ ███ █████ █████ ███ █████ ████ – ████ ██████ ██████ ██ ██ ██████ ███████, ███ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ████, ██████ ██ ██ ██ ████ ████████. █████, █████ █████ ██ █████ ███ ${\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}}\approx \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>.<span\; word-length="4"\; class="word\; redacted">████</span>}}$ ██ █.██ ██████ █████ ██████ ███ █████ ██ ██████, █████, ████ ██ █-█.██ █████ ██████ ██ ███ █████.

██████ ██████ █████ "█████" (████████) ██ █████ ███ █████ ██ ████ █████ ████, █████ █████ ██ █████ ███████, ██ ██████ ███ ██████ ████ ██ ████ █████ "█████" █████ ██████, █████ ███ ████ █████ ████ ██ █████ ████ █████ (███ █████ ██████).

██████ ██████ ██ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}),\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}[\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}]}$ ███████ ${\displaystyle ⟨\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}⟩}$.

████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ █████ ████ ████ ██████ ███ ████ ██ ██████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\dots }$, ██████ █████ ██ ███ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\sum _{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}$ (███ ██████ ██████ ████ ███████ ████). █████ █████ ██ ██ ████ ██████, ████ █████ ██ ██ ████████ █████ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$: ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\sum _{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\in \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$. ██████ █████ ██ ██ ████ █████ █████. ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ █████ ████ ████ ███ ████████ ██████ ███████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\underset{-\mathrm{\infty }}{\overset{\mathrm{\infty }}{\int }}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ (█████ █████████ █████ █████).

█████ ██████, ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ █████ ████ ██████ ██ ████ ███████ ${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathcal{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$, ███ ██████ ██ █ ██████ ██ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})={\int }_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ████ ████████ ███ ███████ ███. █████ █████ █████, ██████ █████ ██ ████ ████████ █████ █████.

███████: ██████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██ █████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ██████ ██ ██████ █-${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$-██ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\left({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)}$.

█████ █████ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})=\sum _{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}$

██ █████ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})=\underset{-\mathrm{\infty }}{\overset{\mathrm{\infty }}{\int }}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

██████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ████ ██████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████ █-${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\left((\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}){)}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)}$, ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ████ ██████.

█████: ███ █████ ██ ██████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ██████, ██████ ██████ ██████ ██ ██████ ███████ ██ ██████ ███████ ██ ███████ (███ ███████ ███████ █████ ██████ ██ █████ ████████ ██████). ██████ ██ ██ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ████ ██████ ███████ ████ ██████.