███████ ███████████

██████ █ ██████ ██ ███████

███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██ █████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ██ ███ ██████ ████████. ██ ███████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████████ ██ ████████ ███████ ████████ ████████ ██ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$, █ ██████ ███ ███████ ██ █████████ █ ██████ ███ ███████ ████████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$.

██ ███████████, ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ████ ███ █████ ███████████████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}:(-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\to \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ :(-█,█)\██ █}

███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, █ ████ ███████ ████████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ █ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ ████ ████████ ██ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ █ ██████ █ ████████ ██ ████ ██████ ${\displaystyle \Vert {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\Vert ,\Vert {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\Vert }$ ████

${\displaystyle \Vert {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\Vert =\sqrt{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}),{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}))}}$

█ █'██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ████████ ███ ██████ (██ ████ ████████ ███ █████), ███████ ██ █████████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="6"\; class="word\; redacted">██████</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\left({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}),{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\right)}{\Vert {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\Vert \Vert {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\Vert }.}$

█████████ ██ ███ █████

██ █████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ ██ ███ █████ ███████████████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}:[\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}]\to \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ :[█,█]\██ █}

█ ██████ ████████ ███████ █'█████████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})={\int }_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\Vert {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\Vert \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

████████

██ ████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ ███ ███ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ████████ ████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>\{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\}}$

██ ███████ ██ █████ ██ █████ ███████████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ███████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ████████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$. ██ ████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ █████████ ██ ██████ ███████.

█████████

███ █████████ █ █'███████ █████ █████ █████ ████'██████ ██████ (█ █████) ████████. ██ ██████ ██ ███ █████ ███████████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ █████████ ██████████ ██ █████████. ███ ████████████, ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███████ ██ ███████ ${\displaystyle [\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}]}$ ██ ██ ███████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ████ ███ ██ ████████ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ █ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime })}$ █ ██████ ████ █████████ ███ █████-████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ███████ █ ███ █████, ███ ████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }}$ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$.

██████

███ ███████ █████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ██████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$. ██ ████ ██████ ████████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$, ██ ██████ ████'█████ ███████ ██████████████ ██ ████ ${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ ███ ████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\dots ,{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

██ ████ ████ ███████████ ████████ ${\displaystyle ({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\dots ,{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}$ ██ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$. ██ ███ █████, ██ ██████ ████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\sqrt{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\wedge ...\wedge \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$

████ ${\displaystyle <span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ██ ████████████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, ███ █ ████████ ██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ████████ ████████, █ ██ ████ ${\displaystyle ({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\dots ,{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}$ █ ███ ████ ████████ ████████ ███'████████████. ██ ██████ ██ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$-█████ █████████████, ███ ██ █████████ ██ ██ ███████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████████ ██ ██████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})={\int }_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}.}$

███ ████████████ █ ██████████ ███ ████████ ██ █████ ██████: ███ ████ █████ ██████ ███████ ████████ ██ ███████ ███████████.

███████████

███ ███████ ███████████ █ ██ ███████████ ███ ██████ ███████, █ ██ ██████ ████ ███ ██████ ████████ █ ████. ████████ ████ ███████ ███████████ ██ ███████████, ███████ ███ ███████ ██ ████-█████.

███ ███████ ████████ █ ██████ ████████. ███ ███████ ███████████████ ███ ████████ ███ ██████ ████████ █ ████: ██ ███████████ █ ██ ██████ ████ ██████████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ██ █████████.

█████████

██ █████████ ██████ ██ ████████ █████ █████████ ██████ ██ ███ ███████ ███████████ █ ███████████ █████ ██████ █████████ ████████. ██ █████████ █ ███ ██████ ██████, ███ ███ ██████ ██████████ ██ ████ ████.

██ █████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ████████ █████ █████████ █████████, ██ ██████ █████ █████████ ██ ████ █████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$. ███ ███ ███████ ██ ██████████ ████████, ██ ████████ █ ██ ██████ █████ █████████ ████ ███ █████████. █'███████ ███ ████████ █████████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ █ ██ ███████ ██ ███████, ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$.

██ ███████ ██ ███████ █ ██ ███████ █████████ █████ █████████, █ ██████ ██████ ██ ███████ █ ███████ ██ █████████ ███ ████████ ██ ██████████. ██ █████████ █████████ ██████ ██ █████████ ██ ████ █████ ████████ ███ ██ █████: ██████ ███████ ███ ██████████ ██ █████████ █ █████ █████, ████████ ██ ██████ ████████████ ███ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ █ ██████ ██ ███ ██████ ████████████. ██ ███████ ██ █████ █ ██ █████████ ███████ ████ ███ ████████ "████████████" ███ ███████ ██ ███████, ████████ ██████████ ██████ ██████ ███ ███████. ██ ███████ ██ █████ █ ██ ███████ ██ ████ ${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$, █ ██ █████████ ███████ ██ ██████, ██████ ████ █████████ █████████.

█████ ██████ ███████ ████████ ██ █████████ ██████████ █████ ███████, ███████████ ██████████ █████ ███ █████████ ██ ███████ ███████████. ███████ ██ █████████ ██████████ ████ ███████████ ████████ ██████ ██ ███████ █ █████████ ██ ██'█████ ███████ ███ ██████: ██ ███████, ███ ████ ██ ███ ██████████ █████████ █████ ██████ ${\displaystyle {\mathbb{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ████████ █████ ██ ███████ ██ █████████ ██████████ █ █████████ █████, ███ █ ██████████ █████ █████████ █████████ ███ ████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████████.