███████ ███████

████████ ██████

███████ ███████ ███ ███████ █████, █████████ ███████ ███ ███

████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ██████ ██ ████████, ██████ ██ ███ ██ ████ █████.████████ ██████ ██████ ███████ ██████ ██ █████ ████, █████ ███████ █████ ██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$. █████ ██, ████████ ███████ ███:

█████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██████ ███████ ██ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████ ████ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\sim \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$. ██████ ██████ ████ ████ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ███-███████, █████ █████ ██ ████████ ████████ ███ ████ ${\displaystyle [\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{\infty })}$.

████████ ███████ ██████

████ ██████ ██ ████████ ████████ ██ ███████ ████████ ████████ ███████ ███, ████

█████ ██████

██████ ██ █████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\sim \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$, ██████ ██ "███ █████ ██████" ██ ████████, ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$; ██████ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}/{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$.

█████ ████ ███████

█████ ████ ██████ ███ ███ ██████, █████ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\ge \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██████ ██ $${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}|\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$$ ██████ ███: ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\sim \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$, ██ ████████ ███████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, ██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, ██ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$.

███████ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ███ ██████: █████ ███████ ██████ █████ ██ █████████ █████ ███████, ████ ████ ██ ██ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ████ █████ ██ ████████ ██████, ████ ██ (████ █████ ██ ████████ ██████) █████ ██████ ███████, █████ █████ ██████ ██████ ██ ███.

████████ ████████ ███ ████████ ██████ ██████ ████ █████ ████ ███████. ████ █████ ███ ██. ████ ███████ ████ ██████. ███ █████ █████ ██ ██████

████ ████ ██ ██████: $${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}).}$$ ██████, ███, ████████ ███████ $${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}).}$$ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████ $${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}),}$$ █████ ████

███ ███ ██ ███████ ██████, █████ ███ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$: $${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})).}$$ ████ █-${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███████ ██: $${\displaystyle \underset{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\to \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\underset{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\to \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}.}$$ ████ ██████ ██ ███"█: $${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}){\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\prime }(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}).}$$ ███ █████ ████ ████, █████ ██████ ██ ███ ███████ ███████.

███████

██████ ██ █████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$. ████ ██ ████ ██████ ███ █████ █████.

█████ ████ ████, ██████ (████████) █-█ ██ ████████ ████████ ███

███████ ████████

██ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\dots ,{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ██ ██████ ██████ ████████ ████ ██████, ██ █-${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\sim \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}$, ██ ██ ████████ ████ █████ ███████, ██ █████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+\cdots +{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$, █████ $${\displaystyle <span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\dots ,{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})\sim \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\left(\sum _{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)}$$ ████, ████████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██████ ████████ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ █████ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$.

███████ ████████

████████ ██ ██████ ██████ ████████ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ███████, ██ ██ █████ ████ █████. ██ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\dots ,{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ██ ██████ ██████ ████ ██████ ██ █-${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\sim \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}$, █- ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\dots ,{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}$, ██ $${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\le \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{-{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}$$ ██ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\sim \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ (█████ █████ ████ █████), ██ $${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\le \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{)}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\left(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+\cdots +\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)}$$

████████ ████████

████ ██ ██████████ ███████ ██ ${\displaystyle [\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{\infty })}$ ███████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, ████████ ████████ ██ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ████ ████████ ████████.

████████ █████

████████ ██████ (██████ ████████) ██ ████████ ████████ ███ █████, █████ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$.

███████ ████████

████████ ████████ ███ █████ █████ ████ ██ ████████ █████████: ████ ███████ ████ ██ ██████ ██████ ████ ██████, ██ █████ ███ █████ ██████ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, ████████ ██████ ███ █████ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$. ███ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ██████ ███████ █████ ████████ (██ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$), █████ ████ ██ ██████ ███████, ██-█ ████ ████-███, █████ (████████) ████████ ███████ ██ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$.

███ █████████ ████████ ███ ████████ ██████ ██████ ████ █████ ████ ███████, ██ ████████ █████████ ███ ████████ ██████ ██████ ████ █████ ██.

██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\sim \text{<span word-length="3" class="word redacted">███</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$, ██ ████ ████ ██████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ (█████ █████ ████ █████ █████ █████ ██ ████ █-${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, ██████ ${\displaystyle \lceil \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\rceil }$), █████ ████████ ██ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$.

███████ ██████

██ █████ ██████ ██████ ████ ████, ██ █████ ████ ███ ███████ ████████ ██ ██████ ██████ ████ ██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$, ██ ████ ██████████ ████ ███ ██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████ ████████ ██ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$. █████ ████ ████ █████ ██████ (███████ ████).

██████ ████████, ████ ██████ ████ █████ ████ █████ ██ ██ ███ ███ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$, ██████ ██ ██████ ████: ██████ ██ ██████ █████ ████████ ██ █████ ███████ ████; ████ ████ █████, ███████ ██ █████ ██████; ████ ███ ███ █████, ███████ ██ █████ ███████; ███ ████. ███ ████ ██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███████ ██ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████ ████████ ██ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, █████ $${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{)}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}!}}$$

███████ ███ ████████ █████

████████ ████████ ███ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ███: █████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ (█████ ██ █████ ████ █) ███ █████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$. ████ ████████ ███ ██ █████ ████ ███ █████ ██████ ███████ █████ ██ ██ ██████ ████ ██████ █████, ████████ ████████ ███ ██ ████ ████ ██ ███████ █████.

█████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██████ ██████ ████ ██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$.

███████ █████ █████

██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ █████ ████ ████ ██████ ████ ██ ████ ${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$, ██ $${\displaystyle -\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\sim \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$$

███ ████ ████ ██ █████ ████████████ ██████, ███ ████ █████ ██ ████ █████ ("██████") ██████ ██████ ████████, ██████ ████████ ███████.

███████ ██ ██████

████████ ████████ ██ █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ ██████: █████ ████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ (█████ ██ ███ █████ ████) ███ █████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$.

███████ ██████

████████ ████████ ███ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ██████: █████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ (█████ ██ █████ ████ █) ███ █████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$.

███████ ████

███████ ████, ██████ ██ "███████ ███████ █████", ███ ████████ ██ █████ ███ ███ ██████ ██████ ████████ ████ ██████ ████ ████ █████. █████, ██ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\sim \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ ██ ████ ██████, ██ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}-{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ █████ ███████ ████.