█████ ███████

████████ ████████ ██████████

███ █████ ███████ ████ ████████ ████████ ██████████ ██ █████ ████:

██████ █ > █ ███████ ████ ███ ████████████ ██ ███ █████ ████ ███████████ ██████ ██████. ███████ ████ ██████ [█,∞) ██████████ ███████. ████ █ ██████ █████████ ██ █████ ███████ ████████████ ██ █████ ███████:

█ ~ █████(█).

█████ ███ █████ ███████ ███████ █████████████ ███ ███ █████ ███████ ████ ████████ ████████ ██████████ █████ █████ ██████:

██████ █ > █ ███ █████ ██████████████ ██ ████████ ██████████ ████ ███████████ ████ █'███ ███ ████ ██████ ██████ █████, ████ █=█/█; ███. ██ █████ ███████████ █ █████ ███████████ █████ ████ ███ ██████ ████████ █ ███ █████████ ████ ███████ ██████ █ ████ ████ ███████ █████ ████████ ███ ██ █ ~ █████(█) ███

${\displaystyle \mathbb{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}[\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}]=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

████ █ ████ ████████ ███████ █████ ██████ █████ █████████ ███ █ ████.

██ ██████ ███████ █████████ █████ ███████ ████████████ ████ ██████████ ████ ██ ████ ███████████████ ██ ██████ ██████ █████ ███████ ████ ████████ █████ █████ █████████████.

██ ██████ ██████ █████████ ███████ ███ ████ ██████ ██████ ██████ ████████████. █████ ███ ███████ █████ █████ ███ ██████ ██████████████ █████ ██████████. █████ ██████ █████ ████████ ████████ ████████████ ███████ █████ ██████████

█ ~ █████(█)

██ ██████ ██████ ██████████

█ ~ █████(█)

███████ ██ █=█/█ ████.

███████ ███████ ██████████

█████ ██████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ████ ███████ ███████ ██████████ ██ █████ ███ ███████:

████████ ██ ███████

███ █ ████ ███████████ ███ █████ ███████ ████████ ███ █ ██████ █████████ ████ ████████ ████ ████████ █████ █████ ███████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}[\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}]=\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}.}$

██ ███████ ██████ ███████████ ███████ ███ █████████████. ███████ ████ ███████ █████ ████████ █████ ██████ █ ███ (█), ███ ███████ ███████ ████ ████████ █/█ ████ ████ ██ ██████ (█) ████████ █████████████

█ ████ ███████ █████ ███████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}[\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}]=\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}.}$

████████████

█████ █████████ ███ ██████ ████████ ██ █████████ █████████. ██ ████████ ██ ████ ███ ██████ ████████ █ █████ ███████ ████████████, ████ ███████ █████████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}|\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\text{<span word-length="5" class="word redacted">█████</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\ge \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>.}}$

█████████ ████████ ████████. ████ ████, ███ ██████ ████████████ ██████ ██ ███████ ███████ ████████ ██████ ████ ███ ███████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ █████████ █████ ██████ ███████████ ███████ ███ ████████ █████ ██ █████████ ████ █████ ████████ █████████ ████████████, ███████ ████████ █████ ██ █████████ ████ █████ ███████ █████████ ████████ █████████ █████████ ████████ ███ ████ ██████. ██ ███ ████ ████████ ███████████ ███ █████ ███████ ██████████ ██████ ███████████████:

█(█ > ██ | █ > ██) = █(█ > ██)

███████

█>██ ██ █>██

████████ ███████████ ███████████ ████████ ██████. ███ ██████ █████ █ ███████ █████████ ████████ ███████████ ████████████ █████████ ████████ █████████

${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\mid \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}).}$

████ ████████; █████

${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\mid \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}>\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}).}$

█████ ████████ █████ ██ ██████ █████ ███████████ █████████ ███████ ██ ██████ ███████ ████████ ████████.

█████ ██████ ██████████ ████████ ██████ █████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██████████ ████████████ ████████ ████████.

█████ ███████████ ██████ █████ ███ ███████ ██████████ █████████████.

██████████████

███ █ ███████████ █████ ███████ ████ (████ ███████ ███████ ██████████) █████:

${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>};\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\frac{-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},}$

██████ █ ≤ █ < █.

████ ████ ██ ████████ ███████████████ █████:

███████ ████████████: ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

██████ : ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

██████ ████████████: ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})/\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

████████-███████ ████████

'██████' █████ ███████ ████ ███(█_█) ███ ('████████' ███████) ████ ███(█) ████████ ██████████████ ████████-███████ ████████ █████ ███████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}||{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})+\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>.}}$

████████ ███████ ████████

[█,∞) ███ ████ █, ██ ████████ ███████ █████ ███████ ████████ ███████████ ████████ ██████ █ = █/█ ███████████ ███ █████ █████████ ██ ██████ █████████ █████████████.

█████ ██████ ████████████ ████████ ████ ███████

█_█, ..., █_█ ████████ ████ █████████████ █_█, ..., █_█ ████ █████ ██████ ███████ ████████ ██████ ███████████ █████. ██ █████

${\displaystyle <span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>\{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\dots ,{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\}}$

███████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██ ██ █████████ ███████████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+\cdots +{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}.}$

████.

█████,

${\displaystyle <span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>\{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\dots ,{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\}}$

█████ ███████ █████████.

████████ █████████████

████ ██████████ ███████████ ███ ████████ █████ ███████ ████████ ████████ █ = (█_█, ..., █_█) ██████ ████████; █ █████ █ ████ █████████████ ██████████ █████ ███████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\prod _{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}(-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\left(-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\sum _{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\left(-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\overline{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right),}$

██████

${\displaystyle \overline{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\sum _{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$

█████ █████████████.

███████████ █████████████ ██████████████ ██████ █████:

██ ███████ ████ ██████████████ ████████ █████████████ ███████ █████ ███████:

${\displaystyle \widehat{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\overline{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}.}$

█████ ████ ██████████ ██████

███ █████ █████████ ███████ ██████ ███ █████ ████████ ████ (█████ █████ ███████ ███ ████ ███ █████ ███████████). █████ ████████ ███████ █████████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██████ ████████ ███████████████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>};\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}(-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}).}$

██ █████ █ ████ ██████ ███████ ████████ ██████████ █████████████ ██████████ ██ ███ █████ █████ ███ █████ █████ ██████████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\propto \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\times \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>};\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$

${\displaystyle ={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}(-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\overline{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})\times \frac{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}(-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$

${\displaystyle \propto {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}(-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\overline{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})).}$

█████ █ ████ ██████ ████████ ███ █████ █████ █████████████ ██████ ████████ █████ ██████████████.

█████ ████████ █████ ██████ ████ ██ ████████ █████ ██████████████ ██ ██ █████ ████ ██████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>};\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\overline{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}).}$

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